When carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured and stored deep underground, a process known as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), it’s supposed to remain there permanently. Although much of today’s emphasis is on moving carbon-capture projects from aspirational to operational, there are long-term challenges to making sure those emissions stay put away for good, even if the odds of a significant leakage are considered remote. In today’s RBN blog, we look at the common risk factors for carbon-capture projects, explain why a site’s post-injection care-and-monitoring period can last for several decades, and detail the leakage risks that project planners must be prepared to handle.
RBN’s U.S. Gulf Coast Hydrogen Infrastructure Map lays out the pipelines and merchant hydrogen plants that make up the gulf coast market, providing an unprecedented snapshot of the region’s hydrogen infrastructure network.
A ton of attention has been heaped on the carbon-capture industry over the past couple of years, from its inclusion in major federal legislation such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) to topics such as the federal 45Q tax credit, key projects under development, and detailed breakdowns of the technology involved — major themes discussed in our Way Down in the Hole series. We’ve written a lot about why a vibrant carbon-capture industry has been slow to develop, from limitations under the original legislation and tax credits that weren’t high enough to meet breakeven costs to challenges in scaling up technology and winning over an often-skeptical public, but there are also long-term risks that have helped keep projects from advancing.
It should be said up front that CCS is considered by many to be an effective tool in lowering emissions and is a key element in any plan to reach net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. And while all sorts of new projects and technologies are being developed to capture emissions from industrial sources, it’s important to remember that the oil industry has been sequestering CO2 via enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for about 50 years. (When CO2 is used for some process before it’s stored, such as with EOR, it’s called carbon capture, use and sequestration, or CCUS.)
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About the song
“The Longest Time” was written by Billy Joel and appears as the third song on Billy Joel’s ninth studio album, An Innocent Man. Released as the fourth single from the album in March 1984, it went to #1 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles list. It has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The song is mostly an a cappella doo-wop tune with Joel singing all the vocal parts. Personnel on the record were: Billy Joel (all vocals), Liberty DeVitto (snare drum with brushes), and Doug Stegmeyer (bass).
An Innocent Man was recorded during Spring 1983 at Chelsea Sound and A&R Recording Inc. in New York City, with Phil Ramone producing. The album was released in August 1983 and went to #4 on the Billboard 200 Albums chart. It has been certified 7x Platinum by the RIAA. The concept LP is a tribute to the music popular during Joel’s adolescent years, with a focus on American doo-wop and soul music. Joel wrote all the songs on the album. The album cover photo was taken at 142 Mercer St. in Manhattan’s Soho district, New York. Seven singles were released from the LP.
Billy Joel is an American singer, pianist, and songwriter. He grew up on Long Island and dropped out of high school to pursue a music career as a pianist, first in the rock band The Hassles, then in Attila, before starting a solo career in 1971. His debut album, Cold Spring Harbor, came out in 1972. He has released 13 studio albums, six live albums, 18 compilation albums and 61 singles and has sold over 160 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Joel has won five Grammy Awards and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Ray Charles in 1999. He has received Kennedy Center Honors and is the recipient of the Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song. He continues to record and tour with select solo shows and dates with Stevie Nicks booked beginning in late January 2023 and continuing through November 2023.
