After more than a year of reduced natural gas flows, inspections and integrity checks, Enbridge's Westcoast Energy/BC Pipeline system in British Columbia returned its T-South segment to normal operating pressure, effective December 1, ending 13 months of restricted exports of Western Canadian gas supplies to the U.S. Pacific Northwest gas market. The outage and the resulting reduction in export flows out of Western Canada had prolonged effects on local and downstream gas flows and prices, including a run-up in prices at the Sumas, WA, border crossing point to an all-time U.S. record high of $200/MMBtu last winter. Today, we provide an update on Westcoast flows and their downstream impacts.
As we discussed in Baby I Need Your (Gas) and Let The Sky Fall, the Pacific Northwest region has been forced to contend with significant pricing volatility over the past 13 months. Enbridge declared a force majeure on October 9, 2018, when a section of its 36-inch-diameter Westcoast pipeline ruptured near Prince George, BC. The pipeline initially halted service on the southern portion of the 2.9-Bcf/d system, also known as the BC Pipeline, comprising the affected 36-inch line as well as a parallel 30-inch line. Both lines returned to service in October 2018, but at a reduced operating pressure pending integrity testing and regulatory approval. In the wake of the rupture, a team of Canada Energy Regulator (CER) pipeline integrity specialists and engineers were tasked with analyzing and verifying data to show that each of the affected pipeline segments (12 in total) were safe to return to full operating pressure.
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The BC Pipeline system is a critical outlet for gas out of Alberta and British Columbia and one of just a few pipelines serving the Pacific Northwest region. Western Canadian gas supply flows via the BC system to a 1.3-Bcf/d interconnect at the Huntington/Sumas border-crossing point. From there, the gas is delivered into Williams’s Northwest Pipeline (NWPL), which then flows to local distribution companies, gas-fired power generation plants and gas storage facilities, as well as to petroleum refineries, primarily in Washington state but also some in Oregon and Idaho. With flows restricted by lower operating pressures, natural gas volumes experienced a bottleneck effect north of the U.S.-Canadian border, causing spot prices at BC’s Westcoast Station 2 hub to plummet to as low as negative $1.205 in Canadian dollars per gigajoule (C$/GJ) on November 7, 2018 (dashed gray oval to left in Figure 1’s right graph), marking the lowest price ever recorded by NGI at that hub.
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About the song
"Out of the Woods" was written by Taylor Swift and Jack Antonoff. It is the fourth song on Taylor's fifth studio album, 1989. The song was produced by Swift and Antonoff, along with Max Martin. The song was the sixth single released from the 1989 LP. When the single was officially released in January 2016, it went to #11 on the Billboard Adult Top 40, #12 on the Mainstream Top 40, and #18 on the Hot 100 charts. The song was recorded at MXM Studios in Stockholm in 2014. It has since been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Personnel on "Out of the Woods" were: Taylor Swift (lead vocals) and Jack Antonoff (background vocals, synthesizers, keyboards, guitars, bass, drums, drum loops and programming).
1989, titled after Taylor Swift's year of birth, was released in October 2014. The 13-song album explores the synth-pop genre of the 1980s. Recorded at seven different studios, it was produced by Taylor Swift, Jeff Antonoff, Max Martin, Nathan Chapman, Imogen Heap, Greg Kurstin, Mattman & Robin, Shellback, Ryan Tedder and Noel Zancanella. The album went to #1 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart and has been certified 9x Platinum by the RIAA.
Taylor Swift is an American singer-songwriter and record producer from Reading, PA. She was signed to her first publishing deal at age 14, and her first record deal was at age 15. Swift has released seven studio albums, one live album, one compilation album, five EPs and 55 singles. She has sold more than 50 million albums and 150 million singles worldwide. She has appeared in five motion pictures and three television shows. Swift has won eight Academy of Country Music Awards, four American Country Awards, four American Music Awards, 24 Billboard Music Awards, 28 BMI Pop Awards, one Brit Award, five Country Music Association Awards, 11 Grammy Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards. She still records and tours, and is booked for several festival appearances during the summer of 2020.
