U.S. crude oil production averaged a record 13.6 MMb/d in 2025, up nearly 1.6 MMb/d from 2023, but crude export volumes remained remarkably stable — at or very near 4.1 MMb/d — until a recent Iran-related surge. A key reason: “capacity creep” expansion projects at several Gulf Coast refineries.
The U.S. is seeing softer domestic demand for traditional fuels, but pockets of the country remain highly dependent on imported gasoline, jet fuel and diesel. Today, we’ll zero in on which PADDs are at the highest risk for shortages and price spikes if the Iran war drags on for an extended period.
U.S. refineries are, of course, far less dependent on crude oil from the Middle East than they were before the Shale Revolution. But the cutoff in oil supplies from the Persian Gulf is forcing several U.S. refiners to look elsewhere for the mostly medium-sour crude they had been sourcing from the region.
While most of the discussion about Venezuela involves crude production, it’s important to know that the country was also once a major refiner before it began a decade-long downturn. Today, we look at the history of Venezuela’s refining sector and the prospects for a turnaround.
As a part of what the Trump administration has coined as its “Energy Dominance” initiatives, the administration has thrown its support behind several infrastructure projects that have long been on the industry’s radar but, for one reason or another, not come to fruition.
The U.S. is on the brink of a major transformation in refined products. New pipelines into the Desert Southwest and connecting out to California, along with refinery shutdowns along the West Coast, are poised to usher U.S. refiners into a new era shaped by consolidation, efficiency and market power.
The evolving situation in Venezuela is rife with uncertainty. But as the outlook for Venezuelan crude oil improves, there are significant market issues at play as well, including the potential for renewed competition with Canadian heavy crudes along the U.S. Gulf Coast.
The news out of Venezuela has commanded the world’s attention since early January, with the country’s highly prized heavy crude oil caught in a geopolitical tug of war. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll lay out where Venezuela’s crude oil is produced and how it differs from grades elsewhere.
Regularly scheduled refinery turnarounds are one the most important (and expensive) activities of any refiner. Today, we look at what happens during a typical turnaround, the ways refiners seek to manage their risk, and the biggest potential payoffs that come with a well-executed project.
Phillips 66’s Sweeny Complex includes refining, midstream and petrochemical units and illustrates how a well-designed facility can deliver operating and financial efficiencies.
