In just a few years’ time, the Agua Dulce Hub in South Texas has become an increasingly busy, complex and important crossroads for natural gas pipelines. Every day, more than 7.5 Bcf of gas flows through the hub’s inbound and outbound pipes, linking Permian and Eagle Ford supplies to gas demand centers along the Texas coast and in Mexico — LNG export terminals, power generators and industrial, commercial and residential customers. And if you think Agua Dulce is big now, just wait. In today’s RBN blog, we continue our in-depth look at Agua Dulce with an analysis of the growing gas volumes into and out of the hub, the pipelines handling those flows, and the key sources of incremental demand.
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As we said in Part 1, before the big run-up in Permian and Eagle Ford production in the 2010s and early 2020s, many of the pipelines running to and/or through the Agua Dulce (pronounced agh-wuh DEWL-seh) area were the southernmost reaches of large, decades-old mega-systems like Williams’s Transco, Kinder Morgan’s (KM) Tennessee Gas Pipeline (TGP), Enbridge’s TETCO, and KM-operated NGPL, which for the most part moved Gulf Coast-sourced gas south to South Texas and (in much larger volumes) north to the U.S. Northeast and Midwest. (See Figure 1 below.) Their down-the-coast brethren included Boardwalk Pipelines’ Texas Intrastate Pipeline, Energy Transfer’s (ET) Houston Pipeline System (HPL), Enterprise Products Partners’ Texas Intrastate Pipeline, and KM’s Tejas Pipeline. Thanks to production growth in West Texas and South Texas, all of the above are now bi-directional to allow gas to flow either north or south to balance what is now a more complicated and dynamic market.
Figure 1. Gas Pipelines Into and Out of the Agua Dulce Hub. Source: RBN
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About the song
“Southern Cross” was written by Stephen Stills, Rick Curtis and Michael Curtis. It appears as the third song on side one of Crosby, Stills & Nash’s fourth studio album, Daylight Again. The song is based on Michael and Rick Curtis’s “Seven League Boots,” with a major rewrite by Stephen Stills. It features Stills on lead vocals and Graham Nash on harmony vocals. Released as a single in September 1982, it went to #18 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart. It has remained the group’s last hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song has been covered by Jimmy Buffett, Dave Mason, and Weedeater. Personnel on the record were: Stephen Stills (lead vocals, guitar), Graham Nash, Timothy B. Schmit (backing vocals), Michael Sturgis (guitar), Mike Finnigan (keyboards, backing vocals), Richard T. Bear (keyboards), George Perry (bass), Joe Vitale (drums), and Joe Lala (percussion).
Daylight Again was recorded in 1980-81 at Rudy Records, Devonshire Sound and Sea West in Los Angeles and produced by Crosby, Stills and Nash. David Crosby joined the album project at the 11th hour and contributed two tracks to the LP. Released in June 1982, the album went to #8 on the Billboard 200 Albums chart and has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Three singles were released from the LP.
Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) was a folk-rock supergroup formed in Los Angeles in 1968 by David Crosby (ex-Byrds), Stephen Stills (ex-Buffalo Springfield) and Graham Nash (ex-Hollies). When Neil Young (ex-Buffalo Springfield) was added to the group, they were known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY). With the members’ shared musical pasts, the pump was primed for the release of their debut album in May 1969. After their appearance at Woodstock (their second live show) in August 1969, the band’s LP exploded on the charts, resulting in 4x Platinum status by the RIAA and yielding two hit singles. They released eight studio albums, five live albums, six compilation albums, and 19 singles. CSN was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. All three members have also been inducted as members of their former bands. Neil Young has been inducted as a Buffalo Springfield member and as a solo artist. Stills, Nash and Young continue to record and tour as solo artists. David Crosby died in Santa Ynez, CA, in January 2023 at the age of 81.
