Louisiana refineries don’t pipe in all the crude oil they need from the Houston and Nederland, TX, areas or the U.S. Gulf, or ship it in from abroad. Some in northwestern Louisiana (and nearby southern Arkansas) depend on crude piped in from Longview, TX, and others get at least some of their oil from Capline, a large-diameter pipe that moves both heavy and light crude south from the hub in Patoka, IL. In today’s RBN blog, we continue our series on Louisiana’s refineries and the sourcing and delivery of their crude, this time focusing on the pipelines that move crude in from Longview and Patoka — and out from St. James, LA.
In Part 1, we said the 14 refineries in Louisiana and two just over the state line in Southern Arkansas account for almost one-fifth of total U.S. refining capacity and can consume more than 3 MMb/d of crude oil from a wide range of domestic and foreign production areas. We also noted that the sourcing of that crude has been shifting over the past few years, with the pace picking up as more U.S. Gulf production flows to Texas (and less flows to the Bayou State), new pipeline projects increase eastbound and southbound flows into Louisiana, and refineries modify their crude slates to optimize their economics.
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Part 1 also divided the 16 refineries into three buckets — Southeastern Louisiana (eight refineries with a combined capacity of more than 2.1 MMb/d; pink-shaded rows in Figure 1 below), Southwestern Louisiana (three with 911 Mb/d; blue-shaded rows), and Northwestern Louisiana and Southern Arkansas (five with 176 Mb/d; green-shaded rows) — and pointed out that refineries in each of the buckets generally turn to many of the same sources for their crude oil and use pretty much the same means to deliver oil to their facilities.
For example, most of the crude oil used by refineries in Southeastern Louisiana is either piped in from the U.S. Gulf; piped in from onshore platforms to the southwest, northwest or north; or shipped in by tanker or barge. In contrast, two of the three refineries in Southwestern Louisiana get the vast majority of their oil via three pipelines out of southeastern Texas (Bayou Bridge, Sour Lake and Zydeco) and the other (Calcasieu Refining’s Lake Charles facility) depends almost entirely on waterborne deliveries. As for the refineries in Northwestern Louisiana and Southern Arkansas, they turn to a combination of piped-in, railed-in or trucked-in crude for virtually all of their needs.
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About the song
“Jambalaya (On the Bayou)” was written by Hank Williams and Moon Mullican. Williams started writing the song after hearing Cajuns on the tour bus for the Hadacol Caravan, which Williams was featured in, commenting on how they missed Cajun cooking. The melody of the song is based on the Cajun song “Grand Texas.” Williams recorded the song at Castle Studio in Nashville in June 1952. Personnel on the record were: Hank Williams (vocals, acoustic guitar), Chet Atkins (lead guitar), Chuck Wright (bass), Jerry Rivers (fiddle), and Don Helms (steel guitar). Released as a 78 RPM single in July 1952, it went to #1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and remained there for 14 weeks. The song has appeared on numerous Hank Williams compilation albums. Many artists have covered the song, including Jo Stafford, Brenda Lee, Fats Domino, and The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. John Fogerty, under the name The Blue Ridge Rangers, released his version as a single in April 1973; it went to #16 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart.
Hank Williams was an American country music singer, songwriter and musician. He is regarded as one of the most influential progenitors of the genre. When Hank sang a song, America listened. Born in Alabama, he learned guitar from blues musician Rufus Payne. Williams began his career playing in Montgomery area venues and on local radio stations. He put out his first single, “Never Again,” on Sterling Records in January 1947, and signed a recording contract with MGM Records later that year. He released 12 studio albums, eight live albums, 25 compilation albums and 71 singles and has sold over 40 million records worldwide. Williams is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Williams died of heart failure in the backseat of an Olympic Blue 1952 Cadillac convertible en route to a show in Canton, OH, on January 1, 1953. He was 29 years old.
"About the Song" -- written by Mickey McMahan , RBN Director of Musicology
