For some time now, clean ammonia proponents have been talking up its potential as a very-low-carbon alternative for power plants, ships and other hydrocarbon consumers. Still, rock-solid plans for U.S. projects to produce large volumes of ammonia from clean hydrogen remained few and far between. Until lately, that is, with the recent uptick in project announcements spurred on, in large part, by the supercharged tax credits for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) in the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the newly firmed-up efforts by power generators in Japan and South Korea to make clean ammonia an important part of their fuel mix going forward. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss the progress that clean ammonia has made since the IRA became law and the growing list of projects advancing to a final investment decision (FID), construction and production.
We’ll begin with a brief refresher course on what clean ammonia is, how it’s produced and what it can be used for. Then we’ll look at the primary drivers behind the development of clean ammonia production facilities (and ammonia export terminals), and after that (in Part 2) we’ll discuss in detail the bevy of U.S. projects now being planned.
What Is Clean Ammonia?
First off, there’s a little fuzziness around the definition — some say that to qualify as “clean,” the ammonia in question needs to be produced in a way that reduces the carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere by at least a certain percentage, typically 90% or more. That said, the widely held view is that clean ammonia includes both “blue” and “green” ammonia — Oh no, those darn colors again! — which are produced by reacting either blue or green hydrogen with nitrogen (supplied from an air separation unit) using the Haber-Bosch process (a catalyst, high temperatures, and high pressure). Blue hydrogen is produced by running natural gas through either a steam methane reformer (SMR) or auto thermal reformer (ATR) and capturing and sequestering most of the CO2 generated by the process — typically about half of the CO2 when an SMR is used and 90%-plus with an ATR. Green hydrogen, in turn, is produced by running water through a renewables-powered electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen — no CO2 is produced, so there’s no need for CCS.
About the song
“It’s Time” was written by Ben McKee, Dan Reynolds and Daniel Wayne Sermon. It appears as the fifth song on Imagine Dragons’ fifth EP, Continued Silence. Released as the first single from the EP in February 2012, it went to #3 on the Billboard Hot Rock & Alternative Songs and #15 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles charts. After the song was covered on the American musical comedy television series Glee, it started getting heavy rotation on other television shows and commercials. Later in the year, the song appeared on Imagine Dragons’ first full-length LP, Night Visions. It has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Personnel on the record were: Dan Reynolds (vocals), Wayne Sermon (guitar, mandolin), Ben McKee (bass), Andrew Tolman (drums, backing vocals), and Brittany Tolman (keyboards, backing vocals).
Continued Silence was recorded in late 2011 at Westlake Recording Studios in West Hollywood with Alex da Kid producing. The EP was released in February 2012, and went to #1 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and #40 on the Billboard 200 Albums charts. Four of the songs from Continued Silence would be included on the band's debut album, Night Visions. Two singles were released from the EP.
Imagine Dragons is an American pop rock band formed in Las Vegas in 2008. The core of the band has been members Dan Reynolds, Wayne Sermon, Ben McKee and Daniel Platzman. Ten members have passed through the group since its formation. They have released six studio albums, four live albums, 10 EPs, one compilation album and 27 singles and have sold more than 46 million albums and 55 million singles worldwide — making them one of the best-selling bands in history. Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, 10 Billboard Music Awards, eight BMI Pop Music Awards, four Grammy Awards, one MTV Video Music Award and one World Music Award. They continue to record and will begin an international tour this month.