Pipelines are lifelines to refineries, steam crackers, and other consumers of energy commodities, and even the hint that a major pipeline may be shut down raises big-time concerns. For evidence, look no further than Enbridge’s Line 5, which batches light crude oil and a propane/normal-butane mix across Michigan’s upper and lower peninsulas and to points beyond. One of Line 5’s two pipes under the Straits of Mackinac is temporarily out of service, halving the 540-Mb/d pipeline’s throughput, and Michigan’s attorney general continues to pursue a lawsuit that, if successful, could be Line 5’s death knell. Enbridge also is facing a fight on its plan to replace the twin underwater pipes with a new, safer “tunnel” alternative. All of which raises the question, what would be the market effects if Line 5 is permanently closed? Today, we conclude a miniseries on one of the Upper Midwest’s most important liquids pipelines.
To truly understand Cushing — what it does and how it works — you need to know the hub’s assets and how they fit together. RBN’s Cushing Crude Oil Playbook provides the first one-stop, comprehensive guide to the hub’s assets.
As we said in Part 1, Line 5 is part of Enbridge’s much larger Mainline/Lakehead pipeline system, which transports a variety of liquid hydrocarbons from Western Canada and, to a lesser extent, the Bakken to the U.S. Midwest and Ontario. Line 5 is one of five pipelines out of Enbridge’s Superior terminal in northwestern Wisconsin; from there, it runs through Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, across the Straits of Mackinac and Michigan’s Lower Peninsula (known as “the mitten”), then across the St. Clair River to Sarnia, ON. (All of the pipelines and other infrastructure discussed in this blog can be viewed on the Figure 1 map, which uses RBN’s interactive MIDI map platform.) At the Straits of Mackinac — the four-mile-wide water passage between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron — the 30-inch-diameter, single-pipe Line 5 splits into two 20-inch-diameter, parallel pipes that are anchored along the straits’ lakebed.
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About the song
"I've Got to Have You" was written by Kris Kristofferson and appears as the fifth song on side two of Carly Simon's second studio album, Anticipation. "I've Got to Have You" was released as a single in Australia in late 1971, where it went to the Top 10 in the charts. Personnel on the record were: Carly Simon (vocals, acoustic guitar, piano), Paul Glanz (piano), Jim Ryan (electric and acoustic guitars, electric bass), John Ryan (acoustic bass), Andy Newmark (drums, percussion), and Del Newman (horn and string arrangements).
Anticipation was recorded in late-summer 1971 at Morgan Studios in London, with ex-Yardbirds bassist Paul Samwell-Smith producing. The album was released in November 1971, and went to #30 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart. The title song to the album was released as a single in November 1971 and went to #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart. The song was supposedly written about Cat Stevens, whom Simon was opening shows for and dating at the time. In 1973, Heinz ketchup used the tune for a series of successful television ads, giving the song and the album new life. Two singles were released from the LP.
Carly Simon is an American singer-songwriter and author. Her father was Richard L. Simon, the co-founder of the Simon & Schuster publishing company; from 1972 to 1983, she was married to singer-songwriter James Taylor. She has released 23 studio albums, one live album, nine compilation albums, and 41 singles. Simon has had 24 charting singles, and has won one Academy Award, one Golden Globe Award, and three Grammy Awards. She is a member of the Grammy Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and holds an Honorary Doctor of Music Degree from Berklee College of Music. She still performs occasionally.
