Intrastate natural gas pipelines in Texas reach far and wide, and can transport extraordinary volumes of gas. The problem is, the traditional supply/demand dynamics that spurred the development of all that pipe decades ago are being up-ended by burgeoning Marcellus/Utica production headed to the Gulf Coast and the demand-pull of gas to planned LNG export terminals along the Texas coast and to Mexico. Lone Star State pipelines that for years have flowed north and east to the Houston Ship Channel and beyond now must flow south and west. Today, we continue our review of efforts to rework and expand key elements of Texas’s intrastate gas pipeline network to meet growing export needs, this time with a look at plans by Enterprise Products Partners.
As we said in Part 1, planned liquefaction/LNG export facilities along the South Texas coast and growing demand from Mexico’s electric power sector together will require several billion cubic feet/day of additional U.S. natural gas over the next three to five years. These export markets are being targeted by gas producers across the country, from the Marcellus/Utica to the Permian Basin, but a lingering question is whether Texas’s existing pipeline infrastructure is sufficient to deliver all that gas. Reversed interstate pipelines can move increasing volumes of gas from Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia to Louisiana and into Texas, but that’s not enough. A critically important part of the solution will be optimizing the use of Texas’s vast network of intrastate pipelines, many of which are operated by three major players in the market: Enterprise, Kinder Morgan and Energy Transfer Partners. Last time we looked at Kinder Morgan’s recently completed Tejas Crossover Pipeline Project, a 52-mile, 36-inch-diameter connector between the company’s two primary intrastate systems that will enable up to 1 Bcf/d of gas to flow south from the Katy, TX gas hub (about 30 miles west of downtown Houston) and Kinder Morgan’s 1 Bcf/d Houston Central Complex gas processing facility in Colorado County, TX to the Agua Dulce hub in Nueces County, TX (near Corpus Christi), the starting-off point for two major pipelines to Mexico: NET Midstream’s nearly two-year-old 2.1-Bcf/d NET Mexico Pipeline to the U.S.-Mexico border (near Rio Grande City, TX in Starr County; red line in Figure 1) for Pemex Gas & Petroquimica Basica (Mexico’s state-owned gas company) and others; and Spectra Energy’s planned Valley Crossing Pipeline (purple dashed line), which beginning in late 2018 is planned to transport up to 2.6 Bcf/d from Nueces County to Brownsville (TX). From Brownsville, gas will move through the planned 2.6-Bcf/d Sur de Texas-Tuxpan undersea pipeline from Brownsville to the Mexican port city of Tuxpan.
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Like Kinder Morgan and its Tejas Crossover project, Enterprise’s plan for increasing the capacity of its Texas intrastate system’s ability to move gas to export markets seeks to maximize the use of existing pipes and minimize the need for new investment. The aim of Enterprise’s effort––much of which is still in its planning stages––is to allow increasing volumes of gas from the Eagle Ford and the Katy hub to flow to the Agua Dulce hub. The company’s Texas intrastate network has three key elements: the 6,809-mile Enterprise Texas pipeline system (blue lines in Figure 1 map), the 629-mile Channel pipeline system (green line) and the South Texas and Waha gathering systems (red lines). The network (which also includes 12.9 Bcf of gas storage capacity in underground salt domes at Enterprise’s Wilson facility in Wharton County, TX, about 70 miles southwest of Houston; dark green rectangle) was developed primarily to handle gas from the Permian, Eagle Ford, and Barnett Shale regions to serve industrial customers along the Houston Ship Channel area as well as markets in Corpus Christi, San Antonio/Austin, Beaumont/Orange and Houston. Much of that gas supply is residue gas (outlet of processing plants) sourced from Enterprise’s 2.5 Bcf/d of processing capacity in South Texas.
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About the song
"Over Under Sideways Down" was written by Jeff Beck, Keith Relf, Chris Dreja, Paul Samwell-Smith and Jim McCarty (Yardbirds). It appears as the second song on side one of the Yardbirds' third studio album, released in the UK as Yardbirds and Roger the Engineer, and in the U.S. as Over Under Sideways Down. Released as a single in the UK in May 1966, and in the U.S. in June 1966, the song went to #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart. According to Yardbirds' drummer Jim McCarty, the song was inspired by Bill Haley and His Comets' "Rock Around the Clock." Jeff Beck started jamming on the song's bassline, and the group were soon working on an arrangement. The song was in need of an intro, and when Beck came up with the signature riff of the song — a sinewy, Eastern-inspired, mind-blower of a lick that only the mind of a guitar master like Beck could come up with — the group knew they had a hit on their hands. Guitar players are still trying to master that riff five decades after it was created. The free-form lyrics about Swinging London sound like they could have been penned by the hipster bebop entertainer Lord Buckley. The original chorus was changed from "Over under sideways down, that's the best that I have found," to "Over under sideways down, backwards forward square and round," to make any innuendo less obvious to radio programmers. Personnel on the record were: Keith Relf (lead vocals), Jeff Beck (lead guitar, bass guitar), Chris Dreja (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Paul Samwell-Smith (backing vocals), and Jim McCarty (drums, percussion, backing vocals).
Roger the Engineer (Yardbirds, Over Under Sideways Down) was recorded between April and June 1966 at Advision in London, with production handled by Simon Napier-Bell and Paul Samwell-Smith. Released in the U.S. in July 1966, the album went to #32 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart, making it the highest-charting studio album by the band. The album, along with the Yardbirds' appearance (with Jimmy Page included) in the 1966 Antonioni film, Blow Up, helped catapult the band to the forefront of British psychedelia. One single was released from the LP.
The Yardbirds are an English rock band formed in London in 1963. They started out as a blues band known for their "rave up" instrumental breaks, but broadened their music to include pop, psychedelic, and hard rock. They are famous for starting the careers of the triumvirate of rock guitarists: Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page. Under the tutelage of Jeff Beck, they contributed to many electric guitar innovations of the mid- to late ’60s. They have released six studio albums, 12 live albums, 10 compilation albums, two EPs and 16 singles. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. Twenty-four members have passed through the band since its inception. The group still tours with founding member Jim McCarty being the only original member. Keith Relf died in May 1976, and Jeff Beck passed away on January 11, 2023.
We at RBN are deeply saddened by the recent passing of Jeff Beck. The iconic guitarist left an indelible mark on music with his work in the Yardbirds, the Jeff Beck Group (which helped to launch the careers of members Rod Stewart and Ronnie Wood), and all of his innovative solo works. Our sympathies go out to his family, fans and loved ones.
