South Korean manufacturer Hanwha and global chemical company INEOS will jointly study the feasibility of building a U.S. blue ammonia facility able to produce more than 1 million tons per annum (MMtpa), the companies said May 28. A final investment decision (FID) is expected in 2026, with commercial operations potentially beginning in 2030.

Hanwha said the collaboration was aimed at strengthening its foothold in the global ammonia market and addressing demand for low-carbon ammonia. INEOS, which produces ammonia at its facility in Germany, said the project was a potentially important contributor to the company’s emission-reductions targets for 2030 and net-zero ambitions by 2050.

Blue ammonia (see graphic below) is produced by reacting blue hydrogen with nitrogen (supplied from an air separation unit) using the Haber-Bosch process (a catalyst, high temperature and high pressure). Blue hydrogen is produced by running natural gas through either a steam methane reformer (SMR) or through an auto thermal reformer (ATR) and capturing and sequestering most of the CO2 generated by the process — typically about half of the CO2 when an SMR is used and 90%-plus with an ATR. (Green hydrogen is produced by running water through a renewables-powered electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen — no CO2 is produced, so there’s no need for CCS.)

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