Electrolyzers are responsible for a fraction of current U.S. hydrogen production but capacity is expected to ramp up quickly, according to data published Thursday by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Electrolyzers produce hydrogen through electrolysis, a process that separates hydrogen from water using an electrical current, with oxygen as the only byproduct. When those electrolyzers are powered by renewable energy, that produces what is referred to as green hydrogen.
The EIA puts current electrolyzer capacity at 116 MW, with another 657 MW under construction and firm commitments for another 3.8 GW. The biggest planned additions are in Texas but electroylzer capacity is expected to expand in several states (see map below). That puts the overall development pipeline at about 4.5 GW, a 20% increase from a year ago. If all the planned projects are implemented, annual U.S. production of hydrogen through electrolysis could total about 720,000 MT, still well short of the 10 million MT of hydrogen currently produced from fossil fuels and as a byproduct from other industrial sources.
Although several electrolyzer projects are planned in the U.S., traditional steam methane reforming (SMR) technology produces most of the hydrogen commercially consumed today. The EIA estimates annual U.S. SMR capacity at 7.6 million MT.