PADD III

While recent analysis has raised concerns crude oil pipelines are running half empty the opposite is true for many of the nations’ refined product distribution pipes. Take the huge Colonial Pipeline system that delivers as much as 2.7 MMb/d of refined products from Gulf Coast refineries to destinations up the East Coast as far as New York. The southern stretch of the pipeline from Pasadena near Houston to Greensboro, NC has been running full since 2012 - meaning that shipper volumes are subject to rationing or apportionment. Today we start a two-part series explaining why the Colonial pipeline is so congested and how it operates.

Close analysis of Houston area crude storage indicates it is only 52% utilized today even as regional crude inventories have reached record levels. Meeting refinery operational needs appears to be the main use of area storage – rather than speculative gains from buying today’s cheap oil to store and sell later. Today we continue our analysis of Houston area refinery infrastructure.

Data from the new Energy Information Administration (EIA) monthly report on crude-by-rail (CBR) shows a marked increase in shipments out of the Rockies during 2014 as production outstripped pipeline capacity. The data history EIA provides also shows that significant CBR movements within the Gulf Coast region (presumably out of the Permian) occurred in 2013 when crude price differentials helped rail economics. Rail shipments to California from Texas have yet to take off however.  Today we wrap up our analysis of monthly EIA CBR data.

Last winter a Midwest propane shortage of epic proportions caused prices at the Conway, KS trading hub to spike over $4/Gal in January 2014 (nearly twice the price of crude oil at the time). The shortage was caused by a perfect storm of events starting with high propane demand from farmers for crop drying in the late fall and ending with record retail and commercial heating demand during the Polar Vortex cold weather in January. The high demand was compounded by the partial closure of the Kinder Morgan Cochin pipeline supplying propane to the Midwest from Western Canada and a temporary shutdown of the Hess Tioga fractionation plant in North Dakota, not to mention booming Gulf Coast propane exports reducing domestic availability. This year the Midwest propane market appears to be much better supplied in spite of the loss of the Cochin pipeline that has now been reversed to carry diluent to Canada. Prices should therefore be less volatile than last year – unless Mother Nature throws another icy winter curve ball. Today we look Midwest propane prices and supply this year.

A week ago (September 8, 2014) we looked at Energy Information Administration (EIA) supply/demand data for the Gulf Coast Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD) III. Our analysis highlighted the dramatic changes since 2011 to the sources of crude oil for PADD III refineries that make up 50 percent of the nation’s processing capacity. Today we present a Gulf Coast crude supply demand forecast out to 2019 based on our assumptions about production, imports and refinery capacity as well as exports and movements in and out of PADD III.

A couple of years ago in December 2012 we posted a blog in our Oh-Ho-Ho It’s Magic series covering the bigger Gulf Coast crude oil supply picture. At the time we wanted to provide a summary view of all the changing crude flows happening at the Gulf Coast. Back then the Seaway Phase 2 and TransCanada Cushing Marketlink pipelines from Cushing to the Gulf Coast had not opened up and there was over 50 MMBbl of crude stuck in Cushing inventory. Things are a lot different today.  Today we break down the crude balance for the Gulf Coast - PADD (Petroleum Administration Defense District) III region since the start of 2011.  

Houston area refineries are the first to experience the full impact of the flood of domestic and Canadian production headed to the Gulf Coast in 2013 and 2014. These refineries have traditionally relied on floating storage in the form of import cargoes in transit to buffer them against supply shocks. Now the region is adapting to new crude supplies mostly delivered by pipeline. As imports decline, the floating storage option disappears, leaving the potential for congestion caused by inadequate onshore working storage. Today we calculate the storage impact of these changes.

During the days when Gulf Coast refineries were dependent on crude imports for the majority of their feedstocks, tankers delivered crude from overseas markets. Those same tankers also played an important role in preventing refinery supply disruptions because they acted as a floating storage component in the supply chain. With waterborne imports to the Gulf Coast declining as domestic and Canadian production is increasingly delivered by pipeline, the buffer provided by floating storage will be much reduced. Today we continue our series looking at Gulf Coast crude storage needs in the shale era.

<p>Eagle Ford crude production is increasing rapidly and the rush to deliver it to market has created an infrastructure boom. US Gulf imports are already declining as Eagle Ford and Bakken crude start to reach the Gulf Coast in significant quantities.</p>