Ethane Prices Hammered by Strong Production, Lower demand and Crushed Gas Prices

That crazy little ethane molecule is at it again. Yesterday the price blasted to 67.875 c/gal, a level last seen on January 17, 2012. Petchem cracker margins are low. Production is up, but inventories are down. A big driver of the bedlam is the price of natural gas, trading in the $7-$9/MMBtu range for the past month. But as usual with ethane, there’s a lot more happening below the surface — including high domestic demand, growing export volumes, and significant developments in downstream petrochemical markets — all shaking things up. Looking ahead, uncertainty looms, with more export capacity, ever-changing ethane rejection economics, and uneven production growth. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll leap back into the ethane market to see what’s been going on, and where ethane is headed over the next few years.

In just over a month, the price of Mont Belvieu purity ethane doubled, from 19 c/gal to 39 c/gal on Friday. Sure, the price of natural gas was up about 15% over the same period. But that increase was nowhere near ethane’s, so it was certainly not the price of gas that was making ethane take off. In fact, with ethane rocketing into space and gas prices still in the dumper, the ethane-to-gas ratio — a key measure of the value of ethane — skyrocketed, soaring from 1.2X in mid-June to 2.2X on Friday. A ratio at this level has only happened twice before in the past decade: once in 2018 due to a collision between fractionation capacity and new petchem plants coming online, and then again in 2020 during the COVID petchem demand surge. But the most recent price surge didn’t last long. On Tuesday ethane came back to earth, crashing 22% in a single day, and the ethane-to-gas ratio deflated down to 1.6X. So what’s happening? There are a lot of conspiracy theories out there that we won’t repeat here. Instead, in today’s RBN blog, we’ll lay out what we think are the most likely contributing factors behind this wild ride.

On Friday purity ethane in Mont Belvieu came in at 36.4 cnts/gal on OPIS, up 1.5 cnts while Conway ethane in E/P mix was up 1.25 cnts to 15.75 cnts/gal.  Given that at this time last month Conway was trading at a dismal 2.25 ctns/gal while Mont Belvieu was wallowing under 30 cnts/gal, these numbers sound pretty good (See Chart #1 below).  But let’s not lose sight of the fact that these prices are still dirt cheap.  This time last year ethane prices were 2.5X to 3X higher.  Is this simply a replay of the natural gas-oversupply-price-collapse story as some are saying?  Or is it more complicated than that?  As you’ve probably guessed, it is definitely more complicated than that.  Because this the simplest of the NGL molecules turns out to be surprisingly complex in the marketplace.    Today we’ll break down that complexity by looking at the details of the ethane markets.